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991.
992.
Anatase TiO2 nanosheets (TiO2 NS) with dominant (001) facets and TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NP) with dominant (101) facets are fabricated by hydrothermal hydrolysis of Ti(OC4H9)4 in the presence and absence of hydrogen fluoride (HF), respectively. Adsorption of N719 onto the as‐prepared samples from ethanol solutions is investigated and discussed. The adsorption kinetic data are modeled using the pseudo‐first‐order, pseudo‐second‐order, and intraparticle diffusion kinetics equations, and indicate that the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic equation and intraparticle diffusion model can better describe the adsorption kinetics. Furthermore, adsorption equilibrium data of N719 on the as‐prepared samples are analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich models; this suggests that the Langmuir model provides a better correlation of the experimental data. The adsorption capacities (qmax) of N719 on TiO2 NS at various temperatures, determined using the Langmuir equation, are 65.2 (30 °C), 68.2 (40 °C), and 76.6 (50 °C) mg g−1, which are smaller than those on TiO2 NP, 92.4 (30 °C), 100.0 (40 °C), and 108.2 (50 °C) mg g−1, respectively. The larger adsorption capacities of N719 for TiO2 NP versus NS are attributed to its higher specific surface areas. However, the specific adsorption capacities (qmax/SBET) at various temperatures are 1.5 (30 °C), 1.6 (40 °C), and 1.7 (50 °C) mg m−2 for TiO2 NS, which are otherwise higher than those for NP, 0.9 (30 °C), 1.0 (40 °C), and 1.1 (50 °C) mg m−2, respectively. The larger specific adsorption capacities of N719 for TiO2 NS versus NP are because the (001) surface is more reactive for dissociative adsorption of reactant molecules compared with (101) facets. Notably, the qmax and qmax/SBET for both TiO2 samples increase with increasing temperature, suggesting that adsorption of N719 on the TiO2 surface is an endothermic process, which is further confirmed by the calculated thermodynamic parameters including free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of adsorption process. The present work will provide a new understanding on the adsorption process and mechanism of N719 molecules onto TiO2 NS and NP, and this should be of great importance for enhancing the performance of dye‐sensitized solar cells. 相似文献
993.
A new environmentally benign and highly efficient catalytic system [pi-C5H5NC16H33]3[PO4(WO3)4]/H2O2/CH3COOC2H5 for the epoxidation of soybean oil displayed excellent activity and high recovery. The change of the catalyst during the reaction was investigated by elemental analysis, FT-IR and 31P NMR. 相似文献
994.
Jun Fan Song‐Liang Cai Sheng‐Run Zheng Wei‐Guang Zhang 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2011,67(11):m346-m350
The title compounds, trans‐bis(1H‐benzimidazole‐2‐carboxylato‐κ2N3,O)bis(ethanol‐κO)cadmium(II), [Cd(C8H5N2O2)2(C2H6O)2], (I), and trans‐bis(1H‐benzimidazole‐κN3)bis(1H‐benzimidazole‐2‐carboxylato‐κ2N3,O)nickel(II), [Ni(C8H5N2O2)2(C7H6N2)2], (II), are hydrogen‐bonded supramolecular complexes. In (I), the CdII ion is six‐coordinated by two O atoms from two ethanol molecules, and by two O and two N atoms from two bidentate benzimidazole‐2‐carboxylate (HBIC) ligands, giving a distorted octahedral geometry. The combination of O—H...O and N—H...O hydrogen bonds results in two‐dimensional layers parallel to the ab plane. In (II), the six‐coordinated NiII atom, which lies on an inversion centre, shows a similar distorted octahedral geometry to the CdII ion in (I); two benzimidazole molecules occupy the axial sites and the equatorial plane contains two chelating HBIC ligands. Pairs of N—H...O hydrogen bonds between pairs of HBIC anions connect adjacent NiII coordination units to form a one‐dimensional chain parallel to the a axis. Moreover, these one‐dimensional chains are further linked via N—H...O hydrogen bonds between HBIC anions and benzimidazole molecules to generate a three‐dimensional supramolecular framework. The two compounds show quite different supramolecular networks, which may be explained by the fact that different co‐ligands occupy the axial sites in the coordination units. 相似文献
995.
Shengqiang Cai 《Journal of the mechanics and physics of solids》2011,59(11):2259-2278
This paper uses the thermodynamic data of aqueous solutions of uncrosslinked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) to study the phase transition of PNIPAM hydrogels. At a low temperature, uncrosslinked PNIPAM can be dissolved in water and form a homogenous liquid solution. When the temperature is increased, the solution separates into two liquid phases with different concentrations of the polymer. Covalently crosslinked PNIPAM, however, does not dissolve in water, but can imbibe water and form a hydrogel. When the temperature is changed, the hydrogel undergoes a phase transition: the amount of water in the hydrogel in equilibrium changes with temperature discontinuously. While the aqueous solution is a liquid and cannot sustain any nonhydrostatic stress in equilibrium, the hydrogel is a solid and can sustain nonhydrostatic stress in equilibrium. The nonhydrostatic stress can markedly affect various aspects of the phase transition in the hydrogel. We adopt the Flory-Rehner model, and show that the interaction parameter as a function of temperature and concentration obtained from the PNIPAM-water solution can be used to analyze diverse phenomena associated with the phase transition of the PNIPAM hydrogel. We analyze free swelling, uniaxially and biaxially constrained swelling of a hydrogel, swelling of a core-shell structure, and coexistent phases in a rod. The analysis is related to available experimental observations. Also outlined is a general theory of coexistent phases undergoing inhomogeneous deformation. 相似文献
996.
A Discussion of the Effect of Tortuosity on the Capillary Imbibition in Porous Media 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In the past decades, there was considerable controversy over the Lucas–Washburn (LW) equation widely applied in capillary
imbibition kinetics. Many experimental results showed that the time exponent of the LW equation is less than 0.5. Based on
the tortuous capillary model and fractal geometry, the effect of tortuosity on the capillary imbibition in wetting porous
media is discussed in this article. The average height growth of wetting liquid in porous media driven by capillary force
following the [`(L)] s(t) ~ t1/2DT{\overline L _{\rm {s}}(t)\sim t^{1/{2D_{\rm {T}}}}} law is obtained (here D
T is the fractal dimension for tortuosity, which represents the heterogeneity of flow in porous media). The LW law turns out
to be the special case when the straight capillary tube (D
T = 1) is assumed. The predictions by the present model for the time exponent for capillary imbibition in porous media are
compared with available experimental data, and the present model can reproduce approximately the global trend of variation
of the time exponent with porosity changing. 相似文献
997.
998.
Cai Liang Xiaoping ChenPan Xu Bo LiuChangsui Zhao Chuanlong Xu 《Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science》2011,35(6):1143-1150
During the pneumatic conveying, pulverized coal with different moisture contents may develop substantial difference in flow characteristics, whose cause is not fully understood. This study focused on influence of moisture content on conveying characteristics in an experimental test facility with the conveying pressure up to 4 MPa. The experiments included soft coal and lignite with similar density and particle size. With the increase in moisture content, the mass flow rate decreased for lignite (3.24% < M < 8.18%) but increased at first and then decreased for soft coal (0.4% < M < 6.18%) at same operating parameters. The flowability of soft coal was worse than that of lignite at similar operating parameters and external moisture content. The extremal conveying moisture contents of two coal types were obtained. The particle charge and surface moisture content were investigated to indicate influence mechanism of moisture content on mass flow rate in pneumatic conveying at high pressure. Pressure drop of soft coal was greater than that of lignite for same test section. The conveying phase diagram of dense-phase pulverized coal at high pressure was obtained and the pressure drops through different test sections were compared and analyzed. The bend loss factor rose with the increase in moisture content and was independent of conveying velocity and solid-gas ratio in dense-phase pneumatic conveying at high pressure. 相似文献
999.
Guang-hui Cai 《Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal》2011,61(1):27-40
In this paper we obtain a strong invariance principle for negatively associated random fields, under the assumptions that the field has a finite (2 + δ)th moment and the covariance coefficient u(n) exponentially decreases to 0. The main tools are the Berkes-Morrow multi-parameter blocking technique and the Csörg?-Révész quantile transform method. 相似文献
1000.
We give new generalizations of some q-series identities of Dilcher and Prodinger related to divisor functions. Some interesting special cases are also deduced,
including an identity related to overpartitions studied by Corteel and Lovejoy. 相似文献